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The increase was driven by improvements across all its indicators — life expectancy at birth, expected and mean years of schooling, and adjusted real per capita expenditure per annum.
Human development in Indonesia has steadily strengthened every year, with the country's Human Development Index (HDI) reaching 75.90 in 2025 — up 0.88 points from the previous year's figure of 75.02.
The increase in Indonesia’s Human Development Index (HDI) in 2025 can be attributed to improvements across all its indicators: life expectancy at birth, expected and mean years of schooling, and adjusted real per capita expenditure per annum.
All indicators showed an increase compared to 2024:
- The adjusted real per capita expenditure per year increased by IDR461,000,
- The mean years of schooling (MYS) rose by 0.22 years,
- The expected years of schooling (EYS) increased by 0.09 years, and
- The life expectancy at birth increased by 0.32 years.
Life expectancy at birth
The life expectancy at birth in Indonesia in 2025 reached 74.47 years, which is an increase of 0.32 years compared to 2024. During the period of 2020-2025, the life expectancy increased by 1.10 years.
On average, the life expectancy increased by 0.22 year-on-year over the same period.
Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) and Mean Years of Schooling (MYS)
EYS
The EYS for the population aged 7 years and above in 2025 reached 13.30 years, which is an increase of 0.09 years as compared to the previous year. During the period 2020-2025, the EYS increased by 0.32 years. On average, it increased by 0.06 year per year over the same period.
MYS
The MYS for the population aged 25 years and over in 2025 reached 9.07 years, therefore, indicating an increase of 0.22 years compared with 2024. During the period 2020-2025, the MYS increased by 0.59 years. On average, it increased by 0.12 year-on-year over the same period.
Adjusted real per capita expenditure per annum
The adjusted real expenditure per capita per annum represents the average annual consumption of the population based on constant 2012 prices, with Jakarta Selatan as the reference area.
In 2025, the adjusted real expenditure per capita per annum in Indonesia reached approximately IDR12.80mn (IDR12,802,000). This figure increased by IDR461,000 compared to the previous year.
During the period 2020-2025, the adjusted real expenditure per capita per annum increased by approximately IDR1.80mn (IDR 1,789,000). On average, the adjusted real expenditure per capita per year increased by IDR357,800 per year over the same period.
Human development achievements at the provincial level
In 2025, the provincial human development in Indonesia ranged from 54.91 in Papua Pegunungan to 85.05 in DKI Jakarta.
Two provinces experienced a change in their human development status: Kepulauan Riau rose from 'high' to 'very high' with an HDI of 80.53, while Papua Barat Daya moved from 'medium' to 'high' with an HDI of 70.55.
This brings the numbers to:
- Very high HDI (≥80): three provinces
- DKI Jakarta
- D.I. Yogyakarta
- Kepulauan Riau
- High HDI (70–79.99): 30 provinces
- Medium HDI (60–69.99): four provinces
- Low HDI (<60): one province
READ MORE: Number of employed persons in Indonesia reaches 146.54mn in 2025, a 1.90-mn increase from 2024
Lead image / BPS-STATISTICS INDONESIA
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